لائحة المصادرBulliet, R.W. (1975) The Camel and the Wheel, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Crone, P. & M. Cook (1977) Hagarism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Crone, P. (1987) Meccan trade and the rise of islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Groom, N. (1981) Frankincense and Myrrh, a Study of the Arabian Incense Trade. London: Longman Press.
Haug, R. & M. Bonner (2002) the Local and global commerce of Arabia before Islam. Pacific Neighbourhood Consortium. University of Michigan. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 02 Jun. 08 at:
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تسجيل او
دخول Heck, G. (1999) Gold mining in Arabia and the rise of the Islamic state. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 42, 3: 364-395.
Heck, G. (2003) "Arabia without Spices": An alternate hypothesis. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 123,3:547-576.
Kennet, D. (2005) On the eve of Islam: Archaeological evidence from eastern Arabia. Antiquity Publications. Vol. 79,303:107–118.
Kennet, D. (2007) The decline of eastern Arabia in the Sasanian period. Arabian archaeology and epigraphy, Vo. 18,1, May 2007:86-122(37).
Khan, L. (?) Hagarism: The Story of a Book Written by Infidels for Infidels. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 02 Jun. 08 at:
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تسجيل او
دخولMuller, W. (1978) "Weibrauch...," off-print: Pauly-Wissowa, Realencyclopadie, Supplement and 15, Munich.
Van Ess, J. (1971) Fruhe Mu'tazilitische Haresiographie. Beirut.